Sector-Based Representation: A Solution for Uganda’s Legislative Challenges

In Uganda, a nation grappling with significant societal challenges amidst a relatively modest population of approximately 45 million, the structure and efficiency of its parliament have come under intense scrutiny. With over 520 members, Uganda boasts one of Africa’s largest parliaments, yet this abundance has not necessarily translated into effective governance or robust representation for its citizens. Instead, it has raised concerns about wasteful expenditure, lack of expertise among MPs, and accusations of corruption. As Ugandans continue to bear the burden of taxation to sustain this expansive legislature, it is clear that a reassessment of parliamentary structure and representation is overdue.

The current configuration of Uganda’s parliament, while ostensibly aiming to represent diverse interests, has resulted in a diluted effectiveness. Many MPs lack the requisite skills and experience to legislate effectively or to provide meaningful oversight of governmental activities. This has contributed to a scenario where essential issues such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality persist without adequate legislative response. Moreover, the sheer size of the parliament raises questions about duplication of roles, inefficiencies in decision-making, and the overall cost to taxpayers.

To address these challenges, Uganda must embark on a bold reform initiative aimed at reducing the number of MPs to a more manageable size, while simultaneously ensuring more targeted and effective representation. Proposing a downsizing to 100 MPs, coupled with stringent criteria such as minimum educational qualifications and professional experience, could yield a more competent and accountable legislative body. This streamlined approach would allow MPs to focus more deeply on their roles, thereby improving their capacity to advocate for their constituencies and engage in informed policy debates.

Central to this reform proposal is the adoption of a sector-based representation model. Drawing inspiration from successful practices in other nations, Uganda could allocate a portion of parliamentary seats to representatives from key sectors such as education, healthcare, agriculture, and others. These sector-based MPs would possess specialized knowledge and a direct stake in policy areas pertinent to their sectors, thereby enriching legislative discourse and enhancing the parliament’s responsiveness to sector-specific challenges and opportunities.

Countries like Sweden, Germany, and the United Kingdom provide compelling examples of how sector-based representation can foster diversity of perspectives and enhance legislative effectiveness. By incorporating this approach, Uganda can ensure that the voices of marginalized and underrepresented groups—such as the disabled, youth, women, and ethnic minorities—are systematically included in the legislative process. This not only promotes equity but also strengthens the parliament’s legitimacy and effectiveness in addressing the needs of all Ugandans.

To optimize efficiency and avoid duplication of roles, oversight responsibilities currently handled by parliamentary committees could be reallocated to relevant line ministries. This strategic realignment would allow MPs to focus on strategic policymaking and high-level oversight, thereby promoting a more streamlined and effective governance structure.

The reform of Uganda’s parliament is not merely a matter of reducing numbers but of redefining its purpose and enhancing its capacity to serve the interests of all Ugandans. By embracing a smaller, more specialized parliament with sector-based representation, Uganda can foster a legislative environment that is responsive, accountable, and capable of addressing the nation’s pressing challenges. This reform initiative is not only a step towards greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness but also a commitment to inclusive governance that reflects the diversity and aspirations of Uganda’s people. As the nation strives towards middle-income status, this reform agenda will be crucial in laying the groundwork for sustainable development and prosperity for all citizens.

By Wabusimba Amiri.

Diplomatic Student, Journalist and Human right activist